Use probabilities to make fair decisions

What you'll learn

1. Define a fair decision procedure as one that gives each option or person an equal probability
2. Design a fair procedure using a physical device (coin, die, drawing lots) for a given number of choices
3. Design a fair procedure using a random number generator, mapping its output to the choices without bias
4. Detect and fix unfair procedures, including unequal-probability mappings
5. Handle the case where the number of choices does not divide the device's outcomes evenly, using a divisible range or rejection sampling, and verify each choice has probability 1/k

Prerequisites

• Define a random variable and graph its distribution
• Describe events as subsets of a sample space