Exercises: Choose a Level of Accuracy Appropriate to Limitations on Measurement When Reporting Quantities
Work through each section in order. Show your work where indicated. Remember: the goal is to report the right number of digits, not the most digits.
Recall / Warm-Up
A scale always reads 0.5 kg higher than the true weight. Five measurements of a 10.0 kg object give: 10.5, 10.5, 10.5, 10.5, 10.5. Which statement correctly describes these measurements?
Five measurements of a 5.000 cm rod give the values: 5.12, 4.87, 5.23, 4.96, 5.08. The average is 5.05 cm. Which statement correctly classifies these measurements?
Apply the significant figures counting rules. How many significant figures does each measurement have?
m has ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ significant figures. kg has ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ significant figures. L has ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ significant figures.
Fluency Practice
A scientist measures the same length three times and gets: 3.70 cm, 3.70 cm, 3.70 cm. A colleague measures the same length once and reports: 3.7 cm. Which measurement communicates greater precision, and why?
A rectangle is measured as m wide (2 significant figures) and m long (3 significant figures). A calculator gives the area as m². To how many significant figures should you report the area?
A student rounds the following measured sum: g g. She applies the "round to the same number of significant figures as the least precise input" rule and reports g (1 sig fig). What error did she make, and what is the correct answer?
Apply the correct significant-figure rule for each calculation.
Multiplication: ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ m² (report to correct sig figs).
Addition: ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ cm (report to correct sig figs).
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