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Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

The Substitution and Elimination Methods

Lesson 2 of 3: Solving Systems Algebraically

In this lesson:

  • Solve a system by substitution
  • Solve a system by elimination
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Learning Objectives for This Lesson

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  1. Solve a system using the substitution method
  2. Solve a system using the elimination method
  3. Verify a solution by substituting into both equations
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

How Many of Each Ticket?

A group buys 8 tickets for $57. Adult tickets cost $9, child tickets $6.

Two unknowns at once — guessing is slow.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

One Equation Already Isolates a Variable

From , we can write:

We just expressed one unknown using the other.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Why Substitution Is Always Allowed

  • and are equal expressions
  • Equal things can replace each other anywhere
  • Putting into the other equation is valid
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Solve the Ticket System by Substitution

Substitute into :

  • , so ,
  • Then

3 adult tickets and 5 child tickets.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Use Parentheses When You Substitute

Solve and :

  • Replace with
  • , so ,
  • Then

Second equation with y replaced by a boxed expression 2x+1

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

When Neither Equation Is Pre-Solved

Solve and :

  • Solve the second for :
  • Substitute: , so ,
  • Then
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

The Six-Step Substitution Routine in Order

A six-step flow: isolate, substitute, solve, back-substitute, verify, write pair

Each step has a reason — not a recipe to memorize.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Your Turn: Finish the Substitution

Solve and . We've started:

  • Substitute:
  • You finish: solve for , then find , then verify.
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Quick Check: Which Variable to Isolate?

In and , which variable is cheapest to isolate, and from which equation?

Think about coefficients of 1.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

What If Nothing Isolates Easily?

Solve and .

Isolating means fractions. But notice: both have .

What if we just subtract one equation from the other?

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Why Adding Whole Equations Works

  • Each equation is a true equality
  • Adding equals to equals keeps equality
  • So we can add or subtract whole equations
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Subtract Equations to Eliminate a Variable

Solve and :

  • Subtract:
  • The cancels: , so
  • Then , so

Two equations stacked with 2x terms aligned and canceling, leaving 4y=8

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Subtracting Distributes to Every Term

  • The minus sign hits every term in the equation
  • — not
  • Safer move: add the opposite of each term
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Multiply One Equation First, Then Add

Solve and :

  • Multiply the second by 2:
  • Add to the first: , so
  • Then , so
Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Multiply Both Equations to Match

Solve and :

  • Multiply to match: and
  • Subtract: , so
  • Then , so

Both equations scaled to a common 6x term, then subtracted to isolate y

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Same System, Two Different Paths

For and , you could instead match the terms.

Different multipliers, same answer .

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Your Turn: Multiply, Then Eliminate

Solve and .

Hint: multiply the first equation by 3 to match the terms, then subtract.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Find the Error in This Subtraction

A student subtracts from and writes .

The cancels correctly — but what about the terms?

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Commit to a Strategy First

For and , decide on your own:

Which method? Which variable? Why? Write it down before solving.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Your Turn: Solve It Fully

Solve and from start to finish.

Find both values, then verify in both equations.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Three Common Mistakes to Avoid

⚠️ Distribute the minus to every term when subtracting
⚠️ Found ? You're not done — find too
⚠️ Substitute into the other equation, not the same one

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b
Solving Systems Algebraically | Lesson 2 of 3

Coming Up Next: Inspection and Choosing

In Lesson 3, you'll add a third skill — solving simple systems by inspection — and a guide for choosing the fastest method for any system.

Grade 8 Mathematics | 8.EE.C.8.b